Making the Invisible Visible Again:  Pathways for Legal Recognition of Sex and Gender Diversity in Australian Law

Authors

  • Sarah Moulds

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69970/gjlhd.v7i2.1184

Abstract

People that identify as gender diverse or who are born with non-binary sex characteristics have traditionally been excluded from the law, lawfully discriminated against, or been made invisible by the law.  In recent years, this has begun to shift as law reform bodies in Australian explore pathways for providing legal recognition of sex and gender diversity within our community.  This article explores the legislative reforms that have taken place in this area in recent years, which has resulted in significant changes to State and Territory laws regulating the way sex and gender is recorded and altered on Birth Deaths and Marriages Registers, with important consequences for the way sex and gender is legally recognised in those jurisdictions. The article then explores the extent to which the new provisions align with the self-identification model of reform and whether these new forms of legal recognition have translated into meaningful legal protection for sex or gender diverse people in Australia. The article concludes that, despite the significant positive steps forward achieved by legislative reforms in this area, there are still many gaps when it comes to the protection and promotion of the rights of non-binary or gender diverse individuals.

References

Reference List

A Articles/Books/Reports

ACT Law Reform Advisory Council, Beyond the Binary: Legal Recognition of Sex and Gender Diversity in the ACT (Report No 2, March 2012)

Australian Human Rights Commission, Resilient Individuals: Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Intersex Rights 2015 (Report, June 2015)

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Romeo Franklin, ‘Beyond the Medical Model: Advocating for a New Conception of Gender Identity in the Law’ (2005) 36(1) Columbia Human Rights Law Review 713

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B Cases

AB v State of Western Australia; AH v State of Western Australia (2011) 244 CLR 390

Kevin v Attorney-General (Commonwealth) (2001) 165 FLR 404

NSW Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages v Norrie (2014) 250 CLR 490

Re Alex (2004) 31 FamLR 503

C Legislation

Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 1996 (SA)

Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Regulations 2011 (SA)

Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration (Gender Identity) Amendment Bill 2016 (SA)

Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Amendment Bill 2019

Justice and Related Legislation (Marriage and Gender Amendments) Act 2019 (Tas)

Sexual Reassignment Act 1988 (SA)

Sex Discrimination Amendment (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Intersex Status) Act 2013 (Cth)

Transgender (Anti-Discrimination and Other Acts) Amendment Act 1996 (NSW)

C Other

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Victoria, Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Council, Thursday 19 August 2019 (Jenny Mikakos, Minister for Health, Minister for Ambulance Services)

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Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (International Guidelines, March 2007)

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Published

31.12.2019

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Articles